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基于 Django 实现后端 API 开发

模型建立

在 Django 项目中，模型对应于数据库表结构。本应用将使用四个表：

• 员工信息表（t_staff_info）
• 员工证书表（t_staff_cert）
• 文件表（t_edoc）
• 数据字典表（t_dict_all）

其中文件表和数据字典表为项目公用表，后续将详细介绍。

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
class TStaffCert(models.Model):
    staff = models.ForeignKey('TStaffInfo', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, 
                            blank=True, null=True, db_column='staff_id')
    certType = models.IntegerField(db_column='cert_type', blank=True, null=True)
    certId = models.IntegerField(db_column='cert_id', blank=True, null=True)
    certName = models.CharField(db_column='cert_name', max_length=128, blank=True, null=True)
    certGrade = models.IntegerField(db_column='cert_grade', blank=True, null=True)
    certMajor = models.IntegerField(db_column='cert_major', blank=True, null=True)
    certFulltime = models.IntegerField(db_column='cert_fulltime', blank=True, null=True)
    certCode = models.CharField(db_column='cert_code', max_length=128, blank=True, null=True)
    certState = models.IntegerField(db_column='cert_state', blank=True, null=True)
    certPerson = models.CharField(db_column='cert_person', max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
    certOrg = models.CharField(db_column='cert_org', max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
    certIssuer = models.CharField(db_column='cert_issuer', max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
    certDate = models.DateField(db_column='cert_date', blank=True, null=True)
    validDate = models.DateField(db_column='valid_date', blank=True, null=True)
    createDate = models.DateTimeField(db_column='create_date', blank=True, null=True, 
                                      default=timezone.now())
    modifyDate = models.DateTimeField(db_column='modify_date', blank=True, null=True, 
                                    default=timezone.now())
    sts = models.IntegerField()
    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 't_staff_cert'
class TStaffInfo(models.Model):
    staffCode = models.CharField(db_column='staff_code', help_text='工号', max_length=32, 
                              blank=True, null=True)
    staffName = models.CharField(db_column='staff_name', help_text='姓名', max_length=128, 
                              blank=True, null=True)
    nation = models.CharField(db_column='nation', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    bizGroup = models.CharField(db_column='biz_group', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    bizDept = models.CharField(db_column='biz_dept', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    dept = models.CharField(db_column='dept', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    enrollDate = models.DateField(db_column='enroll_date', blank=True, null=True)
    graduateDate = models.DateField(db_column='graduate_date', blank=True, null=True)
    workingDate = models.DateField(db_column='working_date', blank=True, null=True)
    birthday = models.DateField(db_column='birthday', blank=True, null=True)
    idCardCode = models.CharField(db_column='id_card_code', max_length=32, blank=True, 
                              null=True)
    gender = models.IntegerField(db_column='gender', blank=True, null=True)
    email = models.CharField(db_column='email', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    college = models.CharField(db_column='college', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    major = models.CharField(db_column='major', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    diploma = models.CharField(db_column='diploma', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    diplomaCode = models.CharField(db_column='diploma_code', max_length=64, blank=True, 
                            null=True)
    degree = models.CharField(db_column='degree', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    degreeCode = models.CharField(db_column='degree_code', max_length=64, blank=True, 
                            null=True)
    majorType = models.CharField(db_column='major_type', max_length=64, blank=True, 
                            null=True)
    contractUntil = models.DateField(db_column='contract_until', blank=True, null=True)
    idCardUntil = models.DateField(db_column='id_card_until', blank=True, null=True)
    certFulltime = models.IntegerField(db_column='cert_fulltime', blank=True, null=True)
    employer = models.CharField(db_column='employer', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    mobilePhone = models.CharField(db_column='mobile_phone', max_length=64, blank=True, 
                             null=True)
    jobState = models.IntegerField(db_column='job_state', blank=True, null=True)
    insuranceCode = models.CharField(db_column='insurance_code', max_length=64, 
                                blank=True, null=True)
    insuranceFrom = models.DateField(db_column='insurance_from', blank=True, null=True)
    insuranceTo = models.DateField(db_column='insurance_to', blank=True, null=True)
    sts = models.IntegerField(db_column='sts', blank=True, null=True)
    comment = models.CharField(db_column='comment', max_length=1024, blank=True, null=True)
    createDate = models.DateTimeField(db_column='create_date', blank=True, null=True)
    modifyDate = models.DateTimeField(db_column='modify_date', blank=True, null=True,
                                    default=timezone.now())
    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 't_staff_info'

数据库配置

Django默认使用 SQLite，但如果需要其他数据库（如 MySQL），需要修改 settings.py 文件中的数据库配置。

# 在 settings.py 中
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends=mysql',
        'NAME': 'edoc_dev',
        'USER': 'edoc',
        'PASSWORD': 'edoc123',
        'HOST': 'xx.xx.xxx.xx',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

路由配置

路由配置可以使用分路由的方式，美化代码结构，避免主路由文件过长。

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path
urlpatterns = [
    # 人员信息管理
    path('cms/user/', include('staff.urls')),
] + admin.site.urls

视图设计

视图应定义在 views.py 中，使用 Django 和 DRF 的功能。

from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.decorators import action
from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from staff.models import TStaffInfo
from staff.serializers import StaffSerializer
class StaffViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = TStaffInfo.objects.filter(sts=1)
    serializer_class = StaffSerializer
    def get_permissions(self):
        return [IsAuthenticated()]
    @action(methods=['GET'], detail=False)
    def list(self, request, format=None):
        serializer =StaffSerializer(request.data)
        return JsonResponse(serializer.data)

关键点解释

• ForeignKey 表示外键关联到 TStaffInfo 模型。
• default 参数设置默认值。
• help_text 添加字段注释。

时间操作

批量修改时间格式，将 Year 转换为空间值或日期格式。

import datetime
from django.db import connection
def transform_time(input_t, type):
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    if type == 'ts':
        return f"{now.year}"
    elif type == 'te':
        return f"{now.year - int(input_t.split('-')[0])}-12-31"
    elif type in ['S', 's']:
        timestamp = int(input_t)
        return now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if timestamp else None

通过以上配置和实现，可以快速搭建一个员工信息管理系统，支持 CRUD 操作。

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